星期五, 十一月 09, 2007

科学史上最漂亮的10个物理实验

英国的物理网喜欢各种有趣的评选活动。比如他们曾在2002年评出了科学史上最漂亮的10个物理实验



  1. 单电子双缝干涉实验(Young's double-slit experiment applied to the interference of single electrons)
  2. 伽利略的落体实验(Galileo's experiment on falling bodies),1600s
  3. 密立根油滴实验(Millikan's oil-drop experiment),1910s
  4. 牛顿三棱镜分光实验(Newton's decomposition of sunlight with a prism),1665-1666
  5. 杨氏干涉实验(Young's light-interference experiment),1801
  6. 卡文迪什扭摆实验测量万有引力常数(Cavendish's torsion-bar experiment),1798
  7. 厄拉多塞测量地球的直径(Eratosthenes' measurement of the Earth's circumference),公元前三世纪
  8. 伽利略斜面实验(Galileo's experiments with rolling balls down inclined planes),1600s
  9. 卢瑟福散射实验(Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus),1911
  10. 傅科摆(Foucault's pendulum),1851
未上榜的著名实验还有:
  • 阿基米德的王冠实验: Archimedes' experiment on hydrostatics
  • 罗默测量光速实验:Roemer's observations of the speed of light
  • 焦耳热功当量实验:Joule's paddle-wheel heat experiments
  • 雷诺层流实验:Reynolds's pipe flow experiment
  • 马赫声冲击波实验:Mach & Salcher's acoustic shock wave
  • 迈克尔逊-莫雷实验:Michelson-Morley measurement of the null effect of the ether
  • 伦琴发现麦克斯韦位移电流:Röntgen's detection of Maxwell's displacement current
  • 奥斯特电磁感应实验:Oersted's discovery of electromagnetism
  • 布拉格X-射线散射实验:The Braggs' X-ray diffraction of salt crystals
  • 爱丁顿观测到星光被太阳偏转实验:Eddington's measurement of the bending of starlight
  • 斯特恩-盖拉赫实验:Stern-Gerlach demonstration of space quantization
  • 薛定谔猫理想实验:Schrödinger's cat thought experiment
  • Trinity test of nuclear chain reaction
  • 吴健雄验证宇称不守恒:Wu et al.'s measurement of parity violation
  • Goldhaber's study of neutrino helicity
  • 费曼O圈实验:Feynman dipping an O-ring in water,费曼在挑战者号航天飞机失事调查委员会上把O形密封圈丢进冰水中证明低温可使橡胶变脆,由此解开了失事的谜团。

没有评论: